See chesen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "choose"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chuise"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheese"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ches"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chuise"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheese"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "chese"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chuise"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheese"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "chuis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēosan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēosan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*keusan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keusan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*keusaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *keusaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵews-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ċēosan, from Proto-West Germanic *keusan, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.\nThe usual variant with /eː/ shows the regular development of the Old English diphthong, while the rarer variant with /oː/ (the source of the modern form) is from a variant pronunciation in which the stress was shifted to the diphthong's second element. Compare shoten, which has similar variation between /eː/ and /oː/ after a palatal consonant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to chesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chesest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cheseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chesynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chesende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ychosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ychose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "coren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycoren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "core",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycore",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chees",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheese",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheesen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chesyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheose",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chiese",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chiesen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chyese",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chuse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cesen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "cheosen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chesen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ches",
"2": "chees",
"2a": "chas",
"3": "chos",
"4": "chos",
"4a": "cor",
"class": "2",
"p_part5": "corn",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
124
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
118,
124
]
],
"english": "\"Give us a bushel of wheat, malt, or rye, a God's cake, a bit of cheese / or anything that you want; we don't need to choose […]",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Somnours Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 80, recto:",
"text": "Ẏıf vs a buſſhel whete / Malt oꝛ Reẏe / A goddes kechẏl / oꝛ a trẏp[e] of cheeſe / Oꝛ ellıs what ẏow lẏſt / we maẏ nat cheſe […]",
"translation": "\"Give us a bushel of wheat, malt, or rye, a God's cake, a bit of cheese / or anything that you want; we don't need to choose […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To choose; to select"
],
"id": "en-chesen-enm-verb-V3dcBp4A",
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose"
],
[
"select",
"select"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To choose; to select:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To choose; to select:",
"To elect; to choose for an office."
],
"id": "en-chesen-enm-verb-WnX2D5Yu",
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose"
],
[
"select",
"select"
],
[
"elect",
"elect"
],
[
"office",
"office"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 6 12 4 33 33 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 22 9 22 22 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 39 5 20 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 37 3 26 26 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Children",
"orig": "enm:Children",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To choose; to select:",
"To choose to do."
],
"id": "en-chesen-enm-verb-fTQXNmr-",
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose"
],
[
"select",
"select"
],
[
"do",
"do"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To prefer; to desire."
],
"id": "en-chesen-enm-verb-zhxdHp2p",
"links": [
[
"prefer",
"prefer"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 6 12 4 33 33 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 22 9 22 22 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pick up; to acquire:",
"To adopt (an orphan)"
],
"id": "en-chesen-enm-verb-pXKzc8l3",
"links": [
[
"pick",
"pick"
],
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"orphan",
"orphan#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 6 12 4 33 33 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 22 9 22 22 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pick up; to acquire:",
"To pick out; to distinguish."
],
"id": "en-chesen-enm-verb-IW06DPEs",
"links": [
[
"pick",
"pick"
],
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"distinguish",
"distinguish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "enm:Travel",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To travel; to go."
],
"id": "en-chesen-enm-verb-gY6LRN74",
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"go",
"go"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃeːzən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃoːzən/",
"note": "especially Northwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "chesen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 2 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Children",
"enm:Travel"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "choose"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chuise"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheese"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ches"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chuise"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheese"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "chese"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chuise"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheese"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "chuis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēosan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēosan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*keusan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keusan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*keusaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *keusaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵews-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ċēosan, from Proto-West Germanic *keusan, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.\nThe usual variant with /eː/ shows the regular development of the Old English diphthong, while the rarer variant with /oː/ (the source of the modern form) is from a variant pronunciation in which the stress was shifted to the diphthong's second element. Compare shoten, which has similar variation between /eː/ and /oː/ after a palatal consonant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to chesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chesest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cheseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chesynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chesende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ychosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ychose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "coren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycoren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "core",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycore",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chees",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheese",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheesen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chese",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chesyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheose",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chiese",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chiesen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chyese",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chuse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cesen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "cheosen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chesen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ches",
"2": "chees",
"2a": "chas",
"3": "chos",
"4": "chos",
"4a": "cor",
"class": "2",
"p_part5": "corn",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
124
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
118,
124
]
],
"english": "\"Give us a bushel of wheat, malt, or rye, a God's cake, a bit of cheese / or anything that you want; we don't need to choose […]",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Somnours Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 80, recto:",
"text": "Ẏıf vs a buſſhel whete / Malt oꝛ Reẏe / A goddes kechẏl / oꝛ a trẏp[e] of cheeſe / Oꝛ ellıs what ẏow lẏſt / we maẏ nat cheſe […]",
"translation": "\"Give us a bushel of wheat, malt, or rye, a God's cake, a bit of cheese / or anything that you want; we don't need to choose […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To choose; to select"
],
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose"
],
[
"select",
"select"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To choose; to select:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To choose; to select:",
"To elect; to choose for an office."
],
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose"
],
[
"select",
"select"
],
[
"elect",
"elect"
],
[
"office",
"office"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To choose; to select:",
"To choose to do."
],
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose"
],
[
"select",
"select"
],
[
"do",
"do"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To prefer; to desire."
],
"links": [
[
"prefer",
"prefer"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To pick up; to acquire:",
"To adopt (an orphan)"
],
"links": [
[
"pick",
"pick"
],
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"orphan",
"orphan#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To pick up; to acquire:",
"To pick out; to distinguish."
],
"links": [
[
"pick",
"pick"
],
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"distinguish",
"distinguish"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To travel; to go."
],
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"go",
"go"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃeːzən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃoːzən/",
"note": "especially Northwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "chesen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chesen meaning in Middle English (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To choose; to select:'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"chesen"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "chesen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.